Pipe cutting machine



June 19, 1934. 0. TWElT PIPE CUTTING MACHINE 1929 13 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 12

I INVENTDR Olav Twe/f ATTORNEY f June 19, 1934.

O. TWEIT PIPE CUTTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 12, 1929 15 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR w Twe/f ATTORNEZ:

5% q I H man nmupiri June 19, 1934. 0. TWEIT PIPE QUTTING MACHINE 13 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Dec. 12, 1929 A'ITORN June 19, 1934. o TWEIT 1,963,537

PIPE/{CUTTING MACHINE II j 4 5-90 ATTORNEY June 19, 1934. O; TWElT 1,963,537

' PIPE CUTTING momma Filed Dec. 12, 1929 13 sheets-sheet 5 INVENTOR .U/m' Twe/f A'ITORNE v o. TWEIT PIPE CUTTING MACHINE June 19, 1934.

Filed Dec.-1 2, 1929 13 Sheets-Sheet 6 June 19, 1934 O w rr 1,963,537

PIPE CUT-TING momma Filed Dec. 12, 1929 13 Sheefs-Sheet s INVENTOR O/ar Tweil Q BY ATTORNEY June 19, 1934. o. TWEIT PIPE CUTTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 12, 1929 13 SMetS-Shegt 9 INVENTOR weif A'ITORNEY 3 June 19, 1934. Tw rr PIPE CUTTING MACHINE Filed Dem-12, 1929 1a sheets-sheet 1o INVENTOR 0/0! Tire/f BY 2.41/5 ATTORNEY June 19, 1934. 0, TWEIT I 1,963,537

PIPE CUTTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 12, 1929 1s Shets-Sheet 11 INVENTOR Olav Twei/ ATTORNEY June 19, 1934. o. rwErr I PIPE cun'me nuwnms Filed Dec. 12, 1929 13 Sheets-Shegt l2 INVENTOR v O/al Twe/f ATTORNEY June 19, 1934. o. TWEIT PIPE CUTTING MACHINE 13 Sheets-Sheet 13 Filed Dec. 12, 1929 mvm'oh O/av Twe/f BY ATTORNEIY Patented June 19,1934

UNITED STATES,

PIPE CUTTING MACHINE Olav Tweit, Orange, N.

J., assignor to Semet- Solvay Engineering Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application December 12, 1929, Serial No. 413,633

48 Claims. (Cl. 266-23) This invention relates to cutting machines generally, and more particularly to a machine for cutting pipes of relatively large diameters, such as those used in gas plants.

It is one of the primary objects of the invention to provide a cutting machine which will au' tomatically develop and cut the ends of pipes, herein termed nozzles, to fit the .outer surface of a pipe, called the main, when two such pipes are to be connected to each other to form Ts and branches in a fluid circulation system. It is a'further object of the invention to provide a machine which will develop and cut the desired intersection on the end of a nozzle irrespective of the diameters of the intersecting pipes, the thickness of the walls of the pipes, the angle of intersection of the pipes and whether the axes of the pipes door do not intersect. It is a further object of the invention to provide a machine which will develop and cut accurately the line of intersection between the outer surface I of a mainpipe and inner surface of a nozzle, and at the same time bevel the intersecting end of the wall of the nozzle in such a manner that, regardless of the thickness of the nozzle wall, there is a substantially accurate fit between all parts of the cut end wall of the nozzleand the outside surface of the main pipe. It is a further objectof the invention to provide a machine by means of which the end of a pipe may be cut in such a manner that the line ofthe cut lies in more than one plane.

The invention is further applicable to the cut-;

It is, therefore, a further object of'the invention to provide a machine by which a pipe may be cut at any desired angle so that the line of the cut lies in a single plane disposed at any desired angle with respect to the axis of thepipe.

Other objects and features of novelty will be apparent from the following description when considered in connection with the accompany ing drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the assembled ma-, chine; Fig. 2 is an elevation of the face plate of the tailstock taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the assembled machine;

Fig. 4 is a vertical section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is an enlarged vertical section on the line 5-5 of Fi 4;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged vertical section on the line 6-6 of Fig. 4;

ting of pipes to form elbows and similar fittings.

Fig. 7. is an elevation on a reduced scale of the headstock taken approximately on the line 7-7 of Fig. 4; v

Fig- 8 is a plan view of the head mechanism with certain parts omitted;

Fig. 9 is a vertical section on the line 9-9 of 1 Fig. 8;.

Fig. 10 is an elevation of a portion of the head mechanism taken approximately on the line 10-10 of Fig. 8;

Fig. 11 is a vertical section on the line 11-11 of Fig. 8, and shows in addition, a portion of the head mechanism not shown in Fig. 8;

Fig. 12 is an enlarged horizontal section on the line 12-12 of Fig. 9;

Fig. 13 is an enlarged horizontal section on the line 13-13 of Fig. 9;

Fig. 14 is a vertical section on the line 14-14 of Fig. 13;

15-is a vertical section through the longitudinal center of the head mechanism takenon the line 15-15 of Figs. 3 and 16;

Fig. 16 is an end elevation of a part of the head mechanism taken on the line 16-16 of F 15; so

Fig. 17 is a vertical section on the line 17-17 of Fig. 15; I

Fig. 18 isa vertical section on the line 18-18 of Fig. 15

Fig. 19 is a vertical section on the line 19-19 of Fig. 15; V

Fig. 20 is a horizontal section on the line 20-20 of Fig. 15

' Fig. 21 is a vertical elevation of parts of the head mechanism taken approximately on the line 21-21 of Fig. 16, and shows in addition a rope drum not shown in Fig. 16; s I

Fig. 22 is an enlarged elevation of parts shown in Fig. 21 taken approximately 'on the line 22-22 of Fig. 21; s

Figs. 23 and 24 are enlarged details of parts shown in Figs. 21 and 22;

Fig. '25 is a plan view of the tool carriage; Fig. 26 is an end elevation of the tool carriage looking toward the head mechanism;

Fig. 27 is a vertical section through the tool carriage taken on the line 27-27 of Fig. 25;

Fig. 28 is a vertical section through a clamp carriage taken on the line 28-28 of Fig. 25;

Fig. 29 is a vertical section taken on the line 29-29 of Fig. 28; I

Fig. 30 is an enlarged vertical section taken on the line 30-30 of-Fig. 29;

Fig. 31 is a vertical elevation of two pipes of no equal diameters, the axes of which intersect at 90;

Fig. 32 is an elevation of two pipes of unequal diameters, the axes of which intersect at 45;

Fig. 33 is a vertical section of intersecting pipes showing adefective fit between the end of an intersecting nozzle and the outer surface of an intersected main pipe when the cutting tool used for making the cut on the end of the nozzle is constantly disposed at a right angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle;

Fig. 34 is a vertical section similar to Fig. 33, but shows a flush fit between the end of the nozzle and the outer surface of the main pipe when the end wall of the nozzle is beveled according to one feature of the present invention;

Fig. 35 is a perspective of two pipes of equal diameters, the axes of which intersect at 90, and in addition shows diagrammatically, certain parts of the present machine;

Fig. 36 is an elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 35 looking in the direction of the arrow 36 of Fig. 35; r

Fig. 37 is a plan view of the parts shown in Fig. 35 looking vertically downward in the direction of the arrow 37 of Fig. 35;

Fig. 38 is a diagrammatic perspective illustrating the operation of certain parts of the head mechanism;

Fig. 39 is a diagrammatic view showing one phase of the operation of an angle adjusting mechanism adjusted to cut a nozzle for a 90 intersection with a main pipe;

Fig. 40 is a diagrammatic perspective similar to Fig. 38 with some of the parts of Fig. 38 shown in different positions;

Fig. 41 is a vertical elevation of two pipes of equal diameters, the axes of which intersect at 45;

Fig. 42 is a diagrammatic elevation of the angle adjusting mechanism adjusted to cut a' nozzle for a 45 intersection with a main pipe;

Fig. 43 is a diagrammatic elevation similar to Fig. 42 showing the parts in different positions;

Fig. 44 is a diagramatic plan view of parts of the head mechanism adjusted to cut the. end of a nozzle for an intersection where the axes of the nozzle and the main pipe do not intersect;

Fig. 45 is a vertical elevation on the line 45-45 of Fig. 44;

Fig. 46 is a plan view of two intersecting pipes, the axes of which do not intersect;

Fig. 4'? is an elevation of Fig. 46 taken on the line 47-47 of Fig. 46;

Fig. 48 is a diagrammatic elevation of certain portions of the machine;

Fig. 49 is a plan view of the parts shown in Fig. 48;

Fig. 50 is an elevation of a pipe cut to form an elbow;

Fig. 51 is an elevation of the layout of the pipe shown in Fig. 50 as it lies in the machine carriage along the bed rails 13.

before cutting;

Fig. 52 is a plan viewof Fig. 51;

Fig. 53 is a diagrammatic plan view of the parts shown in Fig. 38 in another position;

Fig. 54 is an elevation on the line 54-54 of Fig. 44; I

The present machine consists principally of a tailstock 10, a tool carriage 11, and a head mechanism indicated generally at 12.

The tailstock carriage is mounted on four flanged wheels which permit movement of the The face plate 14 of the tailstock is rotatably mounted on the end of the screw 15 supported in the bearings 16. The face plate is provided on one surface with a series of wedge-shaped ribs 17, which are adapted to engage the ends of pipes of varying diameters, and to tightly hold one end of a pipe in the machine when the face plate is moved toward the headstock by rotation of the hand wheel 18 keyed to the end of the screw 15. Suitable means, not shown/are provided for locking the tailstock carriage to the rails 13 in any desired position. The tailstock simply serves to rotatably support one end of a pipe 19.

The head mechanism is mounted on a cast iron block 20, Figs. 4 and 8, supported by the angle iron frame 21.

The circular face plate of the headstock 22, Fig. 4, is provided with a series of stepped jaws 23 which are movable toward and away from the center of the face plate by means of screws 24 threaded into the eyes of the bolts 25, the heads of which are set in recesses in the jaws 23. The jaws are slidably fastened to the face plate by bolts 26, the shanks of which pass through radial slots in the face plate. The pinions 28 on the ends of screws 24 mesh with the gear 29 keyed to the hand wheel 30. Gear 29 and hand wheel 30 are rotatable on sleeve 31. Adjustment of the jaws 23 is effected by rotation of the hand-wheel 30. The face plate is keyed to the sleeve 31 which is rotatably mounted on the end of shaft 32, but the sleeve 31 and the face plate may be locked to the shaft 32 in any circular position by means of the tailnut 33 The main shaft 32 is rotatably supported on the block 20 by suitable bearings as shown in Fig. 4. The motive power of the head mechanism consists of a reversible motor 34, Fig. 8, which is connected to the cross shaft 35 through the worm gear speed reducer 36, pinionv 37, idler 38, consisting of two pinions axially fixed to each other, and the gear 39 keyed to the cross shaft 35. The cross shaft 35 drives the main shaft 32 through the beveled gears 40. The ratio of reduction between the motor 34 and the gear 39 is adjustable by reversing the idler 38, the axis of which is a pin eccentrically mounted on the inner end of the stub'shaft 41. By loosening a set screw holding shaft 41in any fixed position, the eccentric pin may be adjusted between pinion 37 and gear 39, so that the larger gear of the idler 38 may mesh with pinion 3'7, and the smaller gear of 38 mesh with gear 39. For cutting small and medium sizepipe, a smaller reduction is used by having the small gear of 38 mesh with gear 37. For larger size pipe the idler 38 is turned end for end on its axis.

Referring to Figs. 4 and 8, the crank arm 45 is keyed to the main shaft 32 near the left end. The arm 46 is rotatably mounted on the end of the shaft 32, but may be locked to the shaft 32 to rotate therewith by means of the crank arm 45 and the index pin 47. The stub shaft 48 having a clevised end 49 is rotatably mounted in a bearing 50 on the end of the arm 46. The arm 51 having a clevised end 52 is connected to the clevised end 49 of the stub shaft 48 in such a manner as to provide a universal joint designated as 53.

The crosshead 55 provided with the upwardly and downwardly extending arms 56 and 57 is slidably mounted on the arm 51, and may be locked in any desired position by the clamp 58 operated by the tailnut 59. The clamp 58 is apart of the casting which includes the crosshead 55 and e 56 and 57. 1

'fixed on the end of spindle 61.

the upwardly and downwardly extending arms The crosshead 55. may be shifted to any position on the arm 51 by first loosening the clamp 58, and then either pulling the crosshead by hand, or moving it by means of the crank 60, Fig. 8, The mechanism for moving the crosshead on the arm '51 is more clearly shown in the enlarged details of Figs. 5 and 6. The horizontally disposed portion of the bearing 62 pivots on the upper end of the arm 56. The vertically extending portion of the member 62 affords a bearing 63 for the spindle 61. The beveled gear 64 is splined to the spindle 61 by the key 65 slidable in an elongated slot on the upper side'of spindle 61. The upwardly projecting ends of key 65 retainthe gear 64 against the end of the bearing 63. It will be seen that this arrangement is such as to permit axial movement of spindle 61 relative to-bearing 63 and gear 64 for a purpose which will hereinafter appear.

sleeve 68 rotatably mounted on the upper end of the arm 56. The gear 67 meshes with the gear 69 which is connected to the pinion 70 through the stub shaft 71. The pinion 70 meshes with the rack teeth 72 on the face of the arm 51. It will be apparent, therefore, that, when the clamp 58 has been released, the rotation of the spindle 61 will be communicated to the pinion 70 through the beveled gears 64, 66, sleeve 68, gears 67 and 69, and stub shaft 71.

A hearing 75 is rotatably mounted on the lower end of the downwardly extending arm 57. Bearings 62 and 75 are each provided with clamps 76 by means of which the four rods designated collectively as 7'7 may be clamped to the crosshead '55. Clamps 76 are opened and closed by means of the nuts and bolts shown in Fig. 4. The four rods 77 may be considered as a unit as they are all held in fixed relation to each other at the center by a coupling 78, Fig. 8.

The cross shaft 35 is supported by suitable bearings as shown in Fig. 9. The beveled gear 80 is keyed to the shaft 35, and meshes with the gear 81, Fig. 8, which is similarly keyed to the counter shaft32'. The counter shaft 32' carries on its left end a fixed crank arm and a rotatable, vertical arm 46', Fig. 1, which are identical in construction with the arms 45 and 46 of Fig. 4. The horizontal arm 51", cross head 55' and associated parts including the connection between crosshead 55? and spindle 61, all as shown in Fig. 8, are also identical in construction with the corresponding parts shown'and described in connection with Fig. 4.

The vertical arms 46 and 46' are of fixed lengths, but the effective lengths of the arms 51 and 51' are adjustable by moving the crossheads 55 and 55' by means of the crank 60 as described; that is, by operating the crank '60 the crossheads 55 and 55', Fig. 8, may be moved along arms 51 and 51. away from or toward the universal joints 53 and 53' connecting the horizontal arms 51 and 51' with vertical arms -46 and '46. By loosening the nuts of clamps 76, the crossheads 55 and 55' may be shifted along rods 77 toward the coupling 78, carrying with them the horizontal arms 51 and51'. When the crossheads have been moved toward the coupling 78, the

The gear 64 'meshes with gear 66- which. is connected 'to the gear 67'through the 1y supported between'the plates 101 and 102 of dotted lines 82, Fig. '8. The reason for the slidable connection between spindle 61 and bearing 63 and gear 64 will now be apparent. As the crossheads 55 and 55' are moved toward or away from the coupling 78, bearin .63 and gear 64 sim- 80 ply slide along ,spindle 61. The purpose of the adjustment just described will be explained hereinafter. a

- In this'specification, longitudinal refers to a direction parallel with bed rails 13, and transverse refers to a directionatrig-ht angles-to-the We bed rails.

The upright frame 90, Figs. 15 and i6, is bolted to and-supported by the base block 20 at the points 91, 92, 93 and '94, Fig. 8. In Fig. 15, the

coupling 78 is shown in the position it will 00-.

cupy when the vertical arms 46 and 46', and the arms 51 and 51' are inthe positions shown in Figs. 4 and 8. The weight of the coupling 78 and its associated parts is balanced in any posi 95 tion by the counterweight 95 adjustable along the lever 96 which is pivoted at 97 to the head of the frame 90, Figs. 15 and 16. The coupling 78 is connected to the outer end of the lever. 96

through-the link 98 pivoted to the coupling at 99. 100

The longitudinally reciprocating carriage indicated generally as 100 consists of two vertically disposed plates 101 and 102 held apart by the spacers 103.- A side elevation of the vertical plate102 is clearly shown in Fig, 15.. The car- 5 riage 100 is supported at four points by a-link arrangement consisting of four rods 104 each pivotally attachedto a lower corner of the carriage, and each of which carries on its upper end a cross'pin 105 which slides up and down in a channel 106. The connection between a lever 104 andthe carriage 100 is illustrated in Fig. 19 which is a vertical section on the line 19-19 of Fig. 15'. The upper ends of supporting links 107 are pivotally connected at 108 to the rods 104, and pivotally connected at their lower ends to the casting 20 as at 109. It will be apparent from this construction that the carriage 100 may move from left to right and vice versa, Fig 15, in a horizontal straight line but in no other direction. 2 In other words, the carriage 100 is so mounted as to permit reciprocation longitudinally of the machine.

The angle adjusting frame indicated generally at 110 also consists of two vertically disposed substantially rectangular frame members 111 and 112. The configuration of frame member 112 is clearly shown in Fig. 15. The frame members 111 and 112 are held in spaced relation by the spacers 113. The frame 110 is rotatably sup,- ported by the carriage 100 on the bolt 114. The angular relation between the frame-110 "and the carriage 100 is determined by the screw 115 rotatably mounted in a sleeve 116 which is pivotalthe carriage 100. The lower end of the screw 115 13a is threaded into a sleeve 116' which is pivotally supported between plates 111 and 112 of the frame 110. In Fig. 17 it will be seen that the spacer 113 is provided with two outwardly projecting extensions 117 which engage notches 118 formed on the upper edge of plates 101 and 102 of the carriage 100. The studs 117 and notches 118 thus provide stops which prevent clock-wise rotation of the frame 110 beyond the horizontal 145 position shown in Fig. 15.

.The coupling 78 is connected to the frame 110 by a system oflevers similar to those supporting coupling 78. The opposite ends of the rods 120 are provided with cross pins 122, which are slidably mounted in the channels formed by blocks 123 shown in section in Fig. 18. Four links 125 are pivotally connected at their outer ends with the vertical frame members 111 and 112 as indicated at 126. At their opposite ends, the links 125 are pivotally connected to the rods 120 at 127.

On account of this link connection between the coupling 78 and the frame 110, it will be seen that when the frame 110 is in the position shown in Fig. 15, the coupling 78 may move up and down without imparting any motion whatever to the frame 110. However, the horizontal component of any movement of the coupling 78 will be duplicated by the frame 110, and thus transmitted to the carriage 100 through the pivotal connection 114. Briefly, any horizontal motion of the coupling 78 is transmitted to the carriage 100, but vertical motion of the coupling 78 is absorbed by the links 120 and 125, and produces no movement in the carriage 100.

The angular relation between the carriage 100 and the frame 110 is determined by a graduated indicator designated generally at 130, Fig. 16. This indicator is more clearly shown in Figs. 21 to 24 inclusive. The member 131. having an armate shoulder 132 is riveted to the frame member 111 and rotates therewith about 114. The are 133 is riveted to the carriage member 101. The are 133 is'graduated from 90 to 45 as shown in Fig. 24, and the arcuate shoulder 132 of member 131 is provided with an index mark 134. It will be apparent, therefore, that any angular relation from 90 to 45 may be established between frame 110 and the carriage 100 by manipulating the screw 115. The purpose of this adjustment will be explained hereinafter.

The construction of the tool carriage is illustrated chiefly in Figs. 25 to 30 inclusive. The supporting frame of the tool carriage consists of the longitudinal members 135 and 136, and the transverse vertically disposed channels 137 and 138. These frame members are bolted or screwed together in any suitable manner. The brackets 139 and 140 are attached to and project upwardly from the transverse channel 137, as indicated in Fig. 27. Two similarly disposed brackets 141 and 142 .project upwardly from the transverse channel 138, and together with brackets 139 and 140, afford suitable support for the longitudinal members 143 and 144. A sheet steel control panel 145, appearing in elevation in Fig. 1, has welded thereto near its vertical edges, two sheet steel members 146 and 147. Fig. 27 shows an elevation of the member 146. Members 146 and 147 form in effect two inwardly projecting flanges which afford the main supporting means for the control panel 145. Members 146 and 147 are riveted or otherwise secured to the forward ends of the vertically disposed channels 137 and 138, respectively. As shown in Figs. 26 and 27, each of the members 146 and 147 is provided with upstanding projections supporting the spaced rails 148 and 149 extending the full length of the tool carriage as shown in Fig. 1. The vertical posts 150 are set into the extreme ends of the front rail 149, and support at their upper ends the T- rail 151 which also extends the full length of the tool carriage. As shown in Fig. 27, the upper edge of the control panel 145 is bent at a right angle to form the horizontally extending flange 152, which is riveted or otherwise fastened to the horizontal flange of the T-rail 151.

The rectangular blocks 153 rest on and are the vertical post 188.

ocate attached to the longitudinal channels 135 and 136, and thus provide bearings for the axles 154 to which are keyed the flanged wheels engaging the bed rails 13. The carriage is moved back and forth on the rails by means of the hand crank 155, the'axis of which is rotatably mounted in the control panel 145, and carries on its inner end sprocket 156 operatively connected with the sprocket 157 by means of the chain 158. The sprocket 157 is keyed to the stub shaft 159 which is an extension of one axle 154.

The tool carriage may be locked to the bed rails by means of the lever arrangement shown in Fig. 27. The hook 160 is pivoted on the channel 137 at 161. Hook 162 is similarly pivoted on the channel 137. The rod 163 is pivotally attached at one end to hook 160, and pivoted at its other end to the triangular floating member 164. Rod 165 is pivoted at one end to the hook 162, and at the other end to the triangular member 164. The operating handle 166 rotates about the bolt 167 which is suitably supported by the sheet steel member 146. The rod 168 is pivoted at its upper end on the bolt 167, and at its lower end to the triangular member 164. The upper end of rod 169 is pivotally attached to the operating handle 166 at 170, and at its lower end to the member 164. In the position of the parts as shown in Fig. 27, the carriage is unlocked; that is, it may be moved back and forth freely on the bed rails. To look the carriage it is only necessary to pull the operating handle upwardly, and tighten down on the screw 175 which engages the edge of the are 176, thus holding the handle 166 in any desired position. When handle 166 is raised, rod 169 is lifted, and for a short interval of time the triangular member 164 rotates clock-wise about the point 177. This movement pulls the rod 163 to the left, and engages the hook 160 on the under side of the adjacent rail. When this movement is substantially complete, point 178 becomes the center of rotation of triangular member 164, and further upward movement of the rod 169 serves to thrust the point 177 and the connected rod 165 to the right, forcing the hook 162 under the bed rail, and thus securely locking the carriage to the rails.

The vertical stub shaft 180 is fixed to and projects upwardly from the cross member 144. The casting 181 is rotatably mounted on and supported by the post 180. The casting 181 is provided with two oppositely disposed sleeves 182 and 183 which are threaded on their rearends to receive the hollow tubes 184. The rails 185 are rigidly secured together at their forward ends by the casting 186, and are supported at their inner ends by the sleeves 182 and 183, and the tubes 184. On'any movement of the rails as a ,unit toward or away from the post 180, the inner ends of the rails 185 slide back and forth in the tubes 184.

The casting 186 is provided at its center with a bearing 187 which pivots on and is supported by A roller 189, disposed between rails 148 and 149, is pivo-tally mounted on the lower end of post 188, while the upper end of post 188 is threaded into or otherwise rigidly secured, as indicated at 190, to the clamp carriage 191.

The cutting tool holder carriage 192 is provided with six wheels, four of which engage the upper side of rails 185, and two of which engage the under side of the said rails. The tool post 193 projects vertically from the carriage 192, and supports on its upper end a suitable cutting tool holder 194. Inthe preferred form tion of the longitudinal axis of the pipe in the of the invention, the cutting tool is an acetylene torch, but the cutting tool may be a suitable operated milling cutter, or emery wheel. The position of the tool holder carriage 192 on the rails 185 is controlled by. levers adjusted by the hand crank 195. The rod 196 is at one end pivotally attached to the carriage 192, and at its opposite end is provided with a cross pin- 197 which moves back and forth between the spaced rails 198. Link 200 is pivoted at one end to the approximate midpoint of the rod 196, and at its opposite end, it is pivotally secured to the nut 201 which is threaded onto the screw 202 and arranged to slide back and forth between the spaced rails 203. The screw 202 carries an extension 202' to the end of which is fixed a sprockat 204. The sprocket 204 is operated by the hand crank 195- through a sprocket and chain arrangement similar to that shown in Fig. 26 for ,1. The carriage 191 through the vertical post 188 and the bearing 187 supports-the rails 185,

and the tool holder carriage mounted thereon. It is evident, therefore, that as-the carriage 191 is moved along the T-rail 151, the tool holder carriage 192 and the toolholder 194 make a corresponding reciprocating movement on account of the described connection between the rails 185 and the carriage 191.

The distance between the tip of the tool holder 194 and the longitudinal axis of a pipe in the machine, and theextent of the reciprocating movement of the tool holder are controllednby the position of the'sliding nut 201 which is in turn adjusted by the hand crank 195.

For any adjustment of the sliding nut 201, the nut, the post 193, and the tool holder 194 are always in the same vertical line when the clamp carriage 191 is at the midpoint of T-rail 151. For any other position of carriage 191 on T-rail 151, the holder 194 is always distanced from the longitudinal center of the pipe in the machine an amount equal to the distance between the nut 201 and the centerpost 180-which is, of course, directly underneath the longitudinal axis of the pipe. That is. as the carriage 191 moves back and forth along the T-rail, the tool holder 194 moves back and forthin a straight horizontal line parallel to the pipe, and lying in a vertical plane which includes the sliding nut 201.

In other words, forany adjustment whatever of the nut 201, or whatever the position of carriage 191 on T-rail 151 may be, a longitudinal vertical plane passing through nut 201, and represented in Fig. by the dotted line 194', always includes the tip of the tool holder 194. This relation between the nut 201 and the tool holder .194 is .maintained by the link connection including rods .196 and 200 between the nut 201 and the tool holder carriage 192. that the extent of tlie reciprocating movement of the tool holder dependsupon the position of the sliding nut 2 1, and the greater the distance between the nut 201 and the post 180, the greater will be the movement of the tool holder.

It will be observed from an inspection of Figs. 25 and 26 that the tip of the tool holder 194, regardless of the position of the clamp carriage 191 on rail 151, always points toward the intersec- It will be apparent machine, and a line extending vertically through -/the post 180. The purpose of, this feature of the invention is to bevel, the end of the cut on the intersecting nozzle so as'to effect a flush fit between the end of the nozzle and the outer-surface of the intersected main pipe. The advantage of this arrangement will be appreciated from a consideration of Figs. 33 and 34. If the cutting tool while moving parallel to the pipe being cut, always points at a right angle toward the longitudinal axis of the pipe, the end wall of the cut would be perpendicular to the axis of the pipe, and would result in an imperfect fit as shown in Fig. 33. On the' other hand, if the tip of the cutting tool is always directed as described, i. e., toward the intersection of the axis of the pipe and the vertical line including the post 180, the end of the cut will be beveled, thus effecting a substantially perfect fit between the end of the nozzle N and the main M as shown in Fig. 34. In Fig. 34 and also in Figs. 26 and 41, the 'point indicated at 180 denotes the point toward which the tool holder is always directed when a. nozzle N is being cut in the machine. The bevel thus produced is not perfect for all points on the circumference of the cut, but is so nearly so, that small irregularities are oblit-. erated when the main and the nozzle are subsequently welded.

The clamp carriage 191 is operated by a cable 205, Fig. 1. One end of the cable 205 is attached to and wrapped a number of turns around the rope drum 206. The cable then passes under pulley 207, under pulley 208, at the opposite end of the machine, around pulley 209, and then back to the rope drum 206, around which the other end of the cable is wound several times and then fastened. Cable 205 moves back and forth behind the guard channel 210 in accordance. with the motion imparted to the rope drum 206 by the reciprocating carriage 100. w

The carriage 191 is clamped to the cable 205 asrequired by means of the clamping mechanism shown in Figs. 28, 29 and 30. The extension 211 of carriage 191 is provided with openings which permit the upper and lower strands of the cable, shown in section in Fig. 28, to pass through member 211. The clamping member 212 is pivoted to the extension 211 on a' pin 213. When the clamping member is in the neutral position as shown in Fig. 28, it engages neither the. upper nor lower strand of the cable. Consequently, with clamping member 212 so disposed, movement of the cable is not transmitted to the carriage 191. As shownin Fig. 29, the extension 211 provides a bearing-for the short stub shaft 215. A crank pin 216 is set into the disc-like member on the inner end of the stub shaft-215, and islocated a short distance horizontally to the left of the axis of the stub shaft when the latter is in the position shown in Fig. 28. The pin 216 lies within the forked end of the clamping member 212. The operating handle 217 carries on its lower end an eye 218, drilled to fit over the left end of the stub shaft 215 as in Fig. 29. A second offset crank pin 219 keys the operating handle 21'? to the shaft 215. The pin 219 projects beyond the end of the shaft 215, and passes through a horizontally elongated slot formed on the head of the rod 220. In the position of the parts shown in Figs. 28 and 29, pin 219, is vertically over the axis of the stub gage the lower edge of the T-rail 151 to lock the carriage 191 thereto.

The operation of the cable clamp is as follows. As shown in Figs. 28 and 29, all the parts are disposed in a neutral position, that is, both upper and lower strands of the cable 205 are permitted to slide freely through the extension 211 without transmitting movement to the carriage 191. The

1 eccentric pin 219 is in its highest position, and

has lifted the rod 220 sufficiently to engage the brake shoe 221 with the under edge of the rail 151. Hence, the carriage 191 is locked to the rail 151. When the handle 217 is rotated clockwise, Fig. 28, shaft 215 is rotated clockwise. The rotation of the stub shaft 215 raises the offset crank pin 216 which in turn raises the forked end of clamp 212 and lowers the clamping end, thereby securely clamping the lower strand of the cable between the lower side of the clamping member 212 and the body of the extension 211. At

the same time the rotation of the stub shaft 215 lowers the crank pin 219, from its uppermost position, thus permitting the rod 220 to drop sufficiently to release the brake shoe from the rail 151. When the operating handle 217 is moved counter clockwise from the vertical position, the crank pin 216 drops downwardly and raises the outer end of the clamp 212 into contact with the upper strand of the cable, thus locking the carriage 191 thereto. During the same movement the crank pin 219 is again lowered, this time to the left, Fig. 28, releasing the brake 221. Consequently, when the operating handle is in a vertical position, carriage 191 is disengaged from the cable 205, and locked to the rail 151; when the operating handle is moved'to the right, the carriage 191 is unlocked from the rail 151, and clamped to the lower strand of the cable; when the handle 217 is moved to the left, the carriage 191 is also disengaged from the rail 151, and locked to the upper strand of the cable.

The cable drum 206 and associated parts are shown in Fig. 11. The drum is keyed to the shaft 224 which is supported in suitable hearings in the cast iron bed frame. The disc 225 is keyed to the shaft 224, and carries an index pin 226. The pulley 227 is rotatably mounted on the inner end of the shaft 224, but may be keyed thereto by means of the index pin 226 and disc 225. A cable 228, Fig. 21, is wrapped several times around the pulley-227, and the ends thereof fixed to the vertical. plate 101 of the carriage 100. The diameter ofthe pulley 227 is to the diameter of the rope drum 206 as 11% is to 42. The reason for this particular ratio will appear hereinafter. It will be noted that when the index pin 226 locks together the disc 225 and the pulley 227, the motion of the carriage will be transmitted to the rope drum 206 through cable 228, pulley 227 and shaft 224.

That portion of the machine which has been described is used for cutting connections such as rotate with shaft 35. A threaded bolt 233, Fig. 9,

extends the length of the arm 230, and may be rotated therein by means of the knob 234 on its upper end. 7 A sliding nut 235, Fig. 12, is threaded on the bolt 233, and carries an outwardly projecting shank 236, on which is rotatably mounted a roller 237. The shank 236 projects forwardly through the vertical slot 238 out in the vertical carriage 239. The carriage 239 is provided with four rollers 240 which engage the upper and lower edge of the rail 241, the longitudinal extent of which is shown in Fig. 1. The rail 241 is riveted to the forward face of the guard channel 210, and both rail 241 and channel 210 are slotted longitudinally as at 242 to permit the passage therethrough of the shank of a clamping device designated generally as 243, which serves to clamp the carriage 239 to the lower strand of the cable 205.

The clamp 243 is shown in elevation in Fig. 9,

and in detail in Figs. 13 and 14. The block 244 is welded or otherwise secured to the inner surface of the carriage 239, and is horizontally slotted at its inner end as shown in Fig. 14. The block 244- is also drilled to permit insertion of the bolt 245, and to form a seat for a coiled spring. The bolt 245 is threaded on its outer end to receive the tailnut 246. A forked member 247 is rigidly fastened to the inner end of the bolt 245. The end of the forked member 247 is closed by the small rectangular plate 248. Thus, when the tailnut 246 has been loosened sufficiently] to permit the spring to move the forked block 247, Fig. 14, to the left, the passage 249 between the inner vertical edge of plate 248 and the vertical edge 250 of the horizontal slot is wide enough to permit the cable 205 to pass freely I through the clamp 243. However, when the tailnut 246 is tightened down, the lower strand of the cable 205 is firmly wedged between the inner vertical edge of the plate 248 and the vertical surface 250 of the horizontal slot. Thus, by suitable operation of the tailnut 246, the carriage 239 may be locked to or disengaged from the cable 205.

When it is desired to operate this portion of the machine to cut elbows in a manner which I will be hereinafter explained in detail, the index pins 47 and 47' are pulled out and given a half turn to disconnect vertical arms 46 and 46' from the main shaft 32 and the counter shaft 32',

respectively. Index pin 226 is also pulled out I and given a half turn, thereby disconnecting the carriage 100 and the rope drum 206. The arm 230, Fig. 9, is then connected to the cross shaft 35 by engaging the index pin 232 and the disc 231. motor, the arm 230 rotates therewith, and the rotary motion of the arm 230 is transformed into linear motion of the carriage 239 on account of the movement of the roller 237 in the vertical When the cross shaft 35 is rotated by the I slot 238 of the carriage 239. During each rev- I olution of the cross shaft 35, the carriage 239 will move on the rail 241 through a total horizontal distance equal to four times the effective length of the arm 230, which is the distance between the axis of the shaft 35 and the axis of I the roller 237. This length may be changed, for purposes hereinafter described, by adjusting the position of the sliding nut 235 on the screw 233 by rotating the knob 234. When cutting elbows, the carriage 239 is locked to the lower 1 strand of the cable 205 by means of the clamp 243, thus transmitting to the cable the linear motion of the carriage 239.

Before describing the operation of the machine in detail, the basic principles on which the I operation depends will be first explained.

The present machine is designed to automatically develop and cut the end of a nozzle so as to fit a main pipe of any relatively large diameter, irrespective of the diameter of the nozzle, 2

or the angle of intersection between the main and the nozzle or whether the axes of the pipes intersect.

nozzle, and the outside of the main and the outside of the nozzle. However, we are only interested here in the intersection of the outside surface of the main and the inner surface of the nozzle. If the intersection of the latter two surfaces is, accurately determined, and the nozzle cut according to this invention, the intersection of the outer surfaces of the main and the nozzle will take care of itself.

In. Fig. 31 the solid line 257 represents the intersection of the outside surface of the main 255 and the inside surface of the nozzle 256. Assume that the axes 258 and 259 represent shafts on which the sleeves 260 and 261 are free to slide and rotate without friction. The arm 262 is rigidly connected to the sleeve 260, and is of a length equal to the inside diameter of the nozzle 256. The arm 263 is similarly attached to the sleeve 26.1, and is of a length equal to the outside diameter of the main 255. If the arms 262 and 263 are fastened together at their ends by a universal joint, represented at 264, it,

will be seen that if the arm 262 is rotated 360 about axis 258, and the sleeves 260 and 261 are free to move along the axes 258 and 259, the universal joint264 will describe in space the intersection represented by the solid line 257. After the arm 262 has been rotated 90 up out of the plane of the drawing, sleeve 261 will have moved down along axis259 to the axis 258, sleeve 260 will have moved to the left along axis 258 as far as the axis 259, and arms 262 and 263 will be vertical with respect to the plane of the drawing and will theoretically coincide. 'As the rtation of the arm 262 continues to 180, sleeve 260 will move back to its initial position, and sleeve261 will move downwardly to the lowermost position shown in the dotted lines, and arms 262 and 263 will again lie in the plane of the drawing. The sleeves, the arms and,the universal joint are also shown in dotted lines in an intermediate position about half Way between 90 and 180. As the rotation of arm 262 about axis 258 continues beyond 180, sleeves 260 and 261 retrace their .paths, and after arm 262 has made one complete revolution, the sleeves, arms and universal joint 264 are again in their original position shown in the solid lines.

The same principles apply to all intersections no matter what the diameters of the pipes or the angle of their intersection may be. This is illustrated in Fig. 32 which represents an elevation of two pipes of unequal diameters, the axes of which intersect at an angle of The intersection of the pipes is shown by the solid line 265. The

sleeves, the arms and the connecting universal joint are represented in one position in solid lines and in another position in the dotted lines. It will be observed that the only difference between the arrangement of the parts in Fig. 32 and in Fig. 31- is that the lengths of the arms 266 and 267, and the angle between them have been ad- .iusted in accordance with the diameters of the intersecting pipes and the angle of intersection. In Fig. 31 the initial'angle between arms 262 and 263 is 90 because the'angle of intersection of the pipes is 90. In Fig. 32 the initial angle between the arms 266 and 267 is 45 because the angle of intersection is 45.

The application of these principles to the present machine will now be described in connection with Fig. 35 which represents, in perspective, two pipes of equal inside and outside diameters, the axes of which intersect at a right angle. Certain parts of the present machine also appear in this view diagrammatically, and bear the same refer ence characters as applied in other parts of this specification. a

The shaft 32 coincides with the axis of the pipe 270. It should be understood that'the pipe 270 and the shaft 32 are so connected as to rotate together when power is applied to shaft 32. The axis 271 of the pipe 272 is vertical, and intersects the axis of-the pipe 270 at a right angle, that is,

the axis 271, andthe' axis of pipe 270 lie in the same vertical plane, and intersect each other at 90. and is fixed to shaft 32 to rotate therewith. The length of the arm 46 is equal to the inside radius of pipe 270. The arm 51 is horizontal and is connected at one end to the vertical arm 46 by the universal joint 53, and at its opposite end tothe crosshead 55. The length of the arm51 equals the outside radius of pipe 272. For the purpose of the explanation in connection with Fig. 35, it should be considered that the crosshead 55 is constrained by mechanical means, not shown in this figure, so that it may move only in a vertical plane The arm 46 is initially vertically disposed,

which includes vertical axis 271, and the horizontal axis of pipe 270 and the coinciding shaft 32. The mechanical means for confining the movement of crosshead 55 to this particular vertical plane will be explained subsequently.

At the beginning of the operation of cutting a .nozzle from pipe 270 to fit pipe 272, the arms 46 and 51, the universal joint 53 and the crosshead 55 are in the position shown in the solid lines. When the shaft 32 and the attached pipe 270 are rotated in the direction of the arrow 273, say approximately 30, the universal joint 53 will be in the position 274, and the arms 46 and 51 will be in the position shown in the dotted lines converging at 274. It will be remembered that the crosshead 55 can move only in a vertical plane which includes the shaft 32 and the axis 271. For this reason the'crosshead 55 will be in the position 275. When the pipe 270 has been rotated 90, the crosshead 55 will have moved down over the path rep-.

resented by the dotted line 276 to a point whereof the pipe and shaft 32 continues to 180, the

universal joint 53 will move around to the position shown at 277, and the crosshead 55 will be at 278; that is, during the period in which pipe 270 revolves through the first 180, the crosshead 55 has followed the path of thebent dotted line 276 from its original position down to the position indicated at 278. On continued rotation of the pipe 270 and shaft 32, the crosshead 55 retraces its path and, after a rotation of the shaft-through 270,'-lies again in the axis of the shaft 32. -As the shaft 32 rotates between 270 and 360", the crosshead 55 continues its return movement over the dotted line-276, again passing through the position 275until, when the shaft 32 has made one complete revolution, the crosshead will have're- 

